Clutch



Oct. 27,- 1942. N, A. COL-CCNI 2,299,739

` CLUTCH Filed July 18, 1939 8 Sheets-Sheet l g: A .ff

n INVENTOR .9n\\\,. NICHOLAS A. coLucm.

IQQfLv ATTORNEY Oct. 27, 1942.

N. A. COLUCCI CLUTCH Y Filed July 18, 1939 INVENTOR NICHOLAS A. COLucc.:

ATTORNEY..

Oct. 27, 1942.

N. A. coLuccl CLUTCH Filed July 1a, 1959 1 8 sheets-sheet s Haze 'v INVENTOR NlcHoLAs A. 'coLucp4 Oct. 27, 1.942. N. A. coLuccl CLUTCH Filed Jury v1&1, 1939 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 |NvENToR, l -N\CHOLAS A. COLUCCI.

l l, "ORNEY Oct. 27, 1942.

8 Sheets-Sheet 7 uvm" El" um". i@ il L IINII uw CLUTCH Filed July 18, 1939' N. A. COLUCCI 5N Z294?, 24N T NN mmm l INVENTORY `NICHGLAS A. tuccl.

aY l ATTORNEY y y 0d 27, 1942- N.' A. @LUCCI 2,299,139

CLUTCH Filed July 18. 1939 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 l 7 EN.,

INVENTOR i NICHOLAS A.' COLUCCI.

W ATTORNEY `Patented et. 274321942/ Nicholas A. Colucci, Rochester, N. Yr; now by lJudicial change of name Nicholas A. Colson,

` Application .my 1s, 1939, serial No. 285,102.

The'obiect of this invention is to provide an improved form of over-running roller clutch or clutches, both a one-way clutch and" a two-way clutch being shown Ain this application.

Another object of the invention is to provide 'a clutch in which the" clutch members do not move along the axis of the clutch but the cluizch-` ing eilect is secured by a sleeve and a cam-shaped key attached thereto that moves along the axis of the clutch. l

Another object of this invention is to provide an improved form of over-rlmning roller clutch which is-inserted inside of one of two gears, the

teeth of which are constantly in mesh at all times. v y

Another object of this 'invention is to provide an improved form of over-runningrroller clutch which when engaged will give a direct drive between two shafts which are in line.

. transmission, the teeth of-all ofthe Another object of this invention is to provide separate two-way over-running roller clutches for each of the four speeds of an automobile gears to be in mesh at all times.

Another object of this invention is to provide a manual control for the over-running rollers in the one way clutch and alsoin the two-way i l dutch.

Another object of the invention is to lprovide v in Figures 9, 1 and 3.

I for each of the forward and reverse speeds of an automobileftractor, train etc. using gas engines or Diesel engines, manually controlled two-way over-running roller clutches through which the motor can drive the wheels, .and through which clutch Vthe wheels will be capable ofv utilizing the rotating faster than the motor.

Another object of this invention is to provide an over-running roller clutch in which the rollers are manually pushed out of clutching position by a lever which operates cam-shaped keys which push directly against blocks or rods which in turn push the rollers out of clutching position;

'Another object of this invention is to provide an over-running roller clutch in whiehtherollers are automatically held away from one of the clutching surfaces while the clutch is'cd and the driving and driven members are rotating idly, thereby eliminating noise and wear. A

These andother objects of the inventicnlwill be illustrated 'in the drawings. described .in the speiiiljlon. and pointed out in the claims at the end thereof" In the drawings:

is claim. (cilena-41) g I ningclutch. the section being taken onthe line inf-Ix ot Figure 2.

Figure 2 is a top plan view of the clutch and assembly and the herringbone gear driven thereby. l

Figure 3 is a side e evation of the clutch shown in Figure 2, the assembly in Figure 2 being viewed from the lei't. t

Figure 4 is a perspective view of the male member of the clutch vthat is keyedor* splined to the shaft.

I Figure 5 is a detail view of the roller.

Figure 6 is a detail viewfof the crank or arm l on which the roller is idly mounted.

Figure 7 lis a cross section through the arms and the roller on the line Ix-'lx of Figure 3.

Figure 8 is a cross section through the gear,

I the roller and arms on which u. is mounted, to-

.gether with part of the cam surface forming.

part `of the male member shown in Figure 4, the roller being shown in engagement with the gear and the male member ofthe clutch, the section being taken on the line Orc-8x of Figure 3..

Figure 9 is a section through the key rod and the block by which the roller is pushed out of engagement withthe'gear and the cam surface of the male member of the clutch, the section being taken on the line z-Sx-of Figure 3.

Figure 10 is a d etail view of the block shown vFigure 11 is a perspective view Vof a member i that is added Ato the member shown in Figure 4. 1

Figure 4, with the member shown in Figure l1 braking power ofthe motor when the wheels are bolted B hollsing, with which the placed on the left hand side thereof, and with two shafts vwhich are in line,` the right hand shaft. with the clutch attached toit', riding in the hollow end of the left hand shaft to which is clutchengages orles. l

Figure13 is a section on the line Inf-i3: of

vFigure 12, showing the member shown in Figure Y l1 combined with the member shown in Figure 4, by which the member in Figure 4` is held against movement along the shaft in `both dl-f Figure 14 is a perspective view of .theV pressed pin which Vbears against the roller shown inVA Figure 1.

- mure 15 is s perspective view of the -muerused in the clutch used in .Figures l2 and 13,

Figure'l shows an assembly of `a g'eariandA mure 1 is s secuon'tnrugnu une way man. and housing with two opposuely dispone clutches mounted in the housing together with a shift mechanism by which either one or the other or both of the clutches can be thrown into driving engagement, or'the clutches may be both placed in neutral.

Figure 17 is a sectional View of the shift mechanism by which the clutches of Figures 16 and 18 are operated, the section being taken on the line l'l--ilrc of Figure 18.

Figure 18 shows a herringbone gear with a shaft passing clear through the assembly, the gear revolving on two oppositely disposed clutches, each of which is one-way running, to either of which the gear can be connected so that the gear can drive the shaft through one lclutch. in one direction or be driven by the shaft through the other clutch in the same direction. The herringbone gear can be `driven in the opposite direction, in which case it will drive the shaft through one Aof the clutches.

Figure 19 shows a pulley assembled with a twoway clutch.

Figure 20 is a transverse section on the line 20m-20x of Figure 19, showing a two-way running clutch, with the rollers engaged.

Figure 2l is an end view of the assembly shown in Figure 19 viewed from the left.

Figure 22 is a section on the line 22m- 223: of Figure 21, showing the clutch rollers and the shift mechanism.

Figure 23 is a perspective view of the roller used in Figures 2l and 22, 20, 34, 36.

Figure 24- is a section taken on the line 29m- 249: of Figure 2l, and shows the two rollers pushed apart by the spring.v

Figure 25 is a section on the sline 25m- 25m of Figure l2l, and shows the two guide plates fastened securely to the male member of the clutch with the pulley loosely enclosed between the two plates.

Figure 26 is a perspective view of the block by which the rollers are pushed out of engaged po-I sition.

Figure 27 is a perspective 4view on a large scale of the male or internal member of a twoway running clutch, being part of the assembly shown in Figures 20, 19, 33, 28, 35 and 36.

Figure 28 is an assembly of the two-way clutch and a gear, using the member shown in Figi ure 27.

Figure 29 is `a sectional view of one type of key adapted to be used in 'the member shown in Figure 27.

Figure 30 is a sectional view of another type` of key adapted to be used in the member shown in Figure 27.

Figure 31 is a sectionalview of another type of key adapted to be used in the member shown in Figure 27.

Figure 32 is a sectional view of another type ofkey adapted to be used in the member shown in Figure 27.

Figure 33 shows an assembly of an automobile 1 transmission gear with all of the gears in normal the type of key and assembly tion being taken on the line 36m-36a: of Figure 35.

Figure 34a is a perspective view ofthe key shown in Figure 34.

Figure 35 is an assembly of a gear and two clutches, each of which is a two-way clutch, the clutches being permanently keyedfto the right hand shaft and the housing being bolted securely to the left hand shaft, the gear riding freely on the housing, the clutches being capable of being alternately engaged with the gear or the housing but not engaged with both at the same time. The gear can be connected to the left hand shaft by using a countershaft on which are keyed two gears, one of which meshes with a gear keyed to the shaft i50 and the other gear meshing with the gear shown in Figure 35.

Figure 36 is a section on the line 36m-36a: oi Figure 35, showing a male member substantially the same as is shown in Figure 27, with the rollers disengaged. l

Figure 37 shows a perspective view of a flange plate'that holds the rollers in place and guides them into engaging or disengaging position. These plates are bolted on the opposite sides of -the male member shown in Figure 27, and one of them will have three plain holes instead of the three threaded holes shown in Figure 37.

Figure 381is a sectional view taken through any one of the three bolts shown in Figure 36, showing how the twol clutches are positively fastened together. i

Figure 39 is a sectional view through another type of two-way clutch, the section being taken on the line 39m- 391: o Figure 40.

Figure 40 is a side elevation, partly broken away 'in section, of the two-way running clutch shown in Figure 39 combined with two shafts in line, the right hand shaft having the clutch securely fastened to it, and the left hand shaft having a housing in which the clutch is inserted and to which it can become engaged or not as desired.

Figure 41 is a det-ail sectional view of the one set of rollers and the hanger therefor, showing the two rollers in disengaged position.

Figure 42 is a perspective View of one of the rollers used in Figures 39 and 4l and 47 and 40.

Figure 43 is a section on the line Stirn-531: of Figure 39.v y

Figure 44 is a section on the line tn-94x of Figure 39.

Figure 45 is a section on theiline 55m-353: of Figure 39, and shows the roller with the two arms in the disengaged position.

Figure 46 is a section on the line Baz- 46x of Figure 40, the section being taken through the key, the key being placed in disengaged position.

Figure 47 shows an assembly of an automobile transmission gear, with all the gears in normal engagement, the teeth being in mesh at all times, using four of the members shown in Figure `39 with the type of key shown in 'Figure 34.

Figure 48 is a side elevation of a different type of clutch, such as is used in Figure 49 and Figure 50, the assembly in Figure 49 being viewed from the left.

Figure 49 is a side elevation, partly broken away in sectionof the4 clutch and gear shown in Figure 48.

Figure 50 is a section through the clutch and gear, the section being taken on the line 50x- 50x of Figure 49, the gear being partly broken away, and shows six rollers engaged for one direction the male member and the gear.

Figure 54 is a section on the line 54z--54rvof Figure 48, showing the roller' engaged between Figure 55 is a `section taken on the line 55m-55x of Figure 46, showing the two rollers held in the hanger.

Figure 56 is a perspective view of one .of the hangers.

Figure 57 is a side elevation 'of the for the hanger of Figure 56.

Figure 58 is a sectional view of a modified form pivot pin of my clutch, showingthe male member in the form of a cylinder and showing the eccentric surfaces. rollers, springs, blocks and keys carried in the female member of the clutch.

Figure 59 is a side elevation of the assembly partly in section, showing flange plates fastened to the female member.

Figure V60 is a horizontal 30x- 60sof Figure 59.

'Figure 61 is a section on 'the line Blz-Blz: of Figure 58.

Figure 62 is a side elevation ofone of the rollsection on the line n ers used in this type of clutch.

Figure 63 shows a small sectional view of the female member as it would appear in a one-way clutch.

Figure 64 is a detail view on a small scale of the male member of the clutch shown in Figures 58 and 63.

In the drawings like reference numerals indicate like parts.

In the drawings reference numeral indicates a hub which is hexagon4 shaped and has an vopening 2,central therein with which it engages a shaft. In this hub is a keyway 3, by which it is keyed to the shaft. On the flat surfaces of this hub are mounted the segments 4, 5, 6, 1, 8 and 9.

`'I'hese segments when assembled are segments of a cylindrical bearing on which the gear I0 can rotate freely when it 'is not otherwise clutched to the flat surfaces of the hub. Between the gear In and the segmental surfaces is provided bushings II and I2 which are pressed into the gear and on which the gear rides, which bushings take a p ln 20 which 'is carried between blocks 2|a fastened on thearms 2|, one of which is pro-V vided on each side of' the hub and pivotally mounted on the pin 22. The ends of the pins 20 are riveted in the blocks 2|a, see Figures 7 and 8. The arms 2| have holes that are slightly oval in which the ends of the rollers are carried. This permits the roller to move radially up and down inthe arm vto adjust itself to the cam surface of the clutch. The opening through the roller is made larger than the pin 20 to permit movement relative to the pin for the same reason.- In moving in the arms the rollery I9 need not and does' not touch the pin 20.

The expansion'of the spring I1 normally pushes the pins I9 against the rollers and holds the rollers in clutching position. As shown in Figa ure 1, when the hub or male member is driven counter-clockwise, or the gear Ill is driven clockwise, the rollers will clutch so that the two parts will rotatetogether, but when either part is driven in the opposite direction there will be no clutching engagement. Each of the segments has a hole therein at both the forward and back end. If all of thesesegments were cast integral with the hub, obviously these holes could not be bored into the segments, but the oddnumbered segmentscan be cast integral with the hub, in which case the holes could be bored into the segments from the opposite ends thereof. The even numbered segments can be made separately from the hub and after the holes are bored or eut therein the even numbered segments can be joined to the hub by welding or any other suitv"able manner.

As shown in Figure 1, a block 23 is provided in position to push the roller back out of clutching position, compressing the spring II in so doing. This block is operated by a key 24 which slides in the slot I4 and moves transversely to they block 23. This key has one or more cam surfaces 25 thereon which engages the block for the purpose of pushing it against the roller and compressing the-spring Il. The block 23 slides in the slot I5. Six keys 24, all operating at the same time and in the same direction, are fastened securely to the grooved sleeve 24a which is keyed or splined to the shaft 24h on which the sleeve 24a can slide up the wear. It will be understood that the gear I0 is held in line with the assembly shown in Figure 4 partly because the gear is enclosed between'the arms 2| and partly because it is a herringbone gear and engages with another herringbone gear, which holds it against lateral movement. Each of the segments 4, 5, 9, "I, 9 and 9 are 'cut away with a central channel, as indicated at lI3, so that the wear is-conflnedto the bearing surfaces on each side of this channel and to the bushings and I2. y

'I'he segmental members 4 to 9, inclusive, can all be made separately and welded to the fiat surfaces of the hub, or the oddnumbered ones can' pressing a pin I9 against the clutch roher I9, which in turn is carried on along the axis of theshaft, as shown in Figure 2.

In Figure 12vis shown an assembly of a oneway clutch in which a hub is used similar to that shown in Figure 4'. A cross section through the middle of this figure would show an assembly identical with what is shown in Figure l, except that solid rollers are used such -as is shown in Figure 15- instead of swivel rollers such as is shown in Figures 5 and The rollers-are loosely mounted and are held in place between plates 36 and 3|. The plate30 islcarried on a hub 32 which has a keyway 33 I therein.. The plate 3| is thicker than the plate 30, and when clutch is idling the plate 3| `will ride freely inside of a bushing 34 which is pressed in the housing 35 which is driven'by the clutch or by which the clutch is driven, `as may be desired. The plates 30 and 3| and hub 32 are held together byY three bolts 36, 31 and 38. The .hub 32 is keyed to the shaft 39 by a key 40, which in turn is held in place by a set screw 4|. The plates 30 and 3| have large egg-shaped openings 30a therein in which the ends of the rollers 42` engage. These openings are partially closed by plates 43 which hold the rollers loosely in place;

that is, the rollers do riot quite abut against these plates. The holes 38h are clearance holes through which the keys 24 and 44 can' pass.

Mounted in the male or driving member are the keys 24 which drive the blocks 23, the assembly of which is exactly the same as that shown in Figure 9. l

It will be understood that six of these keys 24 are all fastened to a plate 41, which can be moved along the shaft by a shifting lever, not shown, engaging in the groove 48 on the sleeve 49, which can be moved manually into and out of engaging and disengaging position.

The housing 35 is bolted to the flange 58 carried on the hub 5| formed integral with the shaft 52. The hub 5| is supported in a bearing 53. The right hand end of the shaft 52 has a hole drilled in it and a bushing54 is provided therein in which rides the reduced end 55 of the shaft 39.

In Figure 16 the shaft 56 extends clear through the assembly. On this shaft is carrieda gear 51 ,revolving loosely thereon, a bushing 58 being provided between the gear and the shaft. This gear is bolted to the member 59, which in turn is bolted tothe member 68, the members 59 and 68 constituting a housing for the oppositely disposed clutches 6| and 62 similar to those shown in Figure 18. The housingshave two bushings 59a and 68a pressed into them corresponding to the bushings 68 and 69 shown in Figure 18.- Each of the male members used in Figure 16 is exactly the same as that shown in Figure 4. The type and operation of the keys is exactly the same as that shown in Figures 17 and 18.

In Figure 18 I have shown two one-way op-` 4positely disposed clutches 63 and 64, on which are carried the two parts 65 and 66 of the herringbone gear. These parts are suitably bolted together. posedbetween these gears and the four plates corresponding tothe plates 38 and 3| shown in Figure 12. In this figure the one or the other or both of the oppositely` disposed clutches is connected to the gears by the operation of the keys 44 connected to .the plate 18. This plate is shifted back and forth by the grooved sleeve 1|. Figure 17 shows the keys 44 which drive the blocks `45 and 46, which are all mounted in a male member similar to that shown in Figure 4. Figure 17 also shows the position the key occupies when the one-way clutch 63 is engaged.

In Figure 27 I have shown a modified form of the male member 88 of the clutch, which is cast all in one piece. This member is used in the assembly shown in Figure 20. As shown in Figure 27, the member 88 has three wide segments 8|, 82, and 83 and three narrow segments 84, 85, and 86. The wide segments have the key-ways 81 therein and also the slots 88, on opposite sides thereof, in which slide the blocks 89 shown lin Figure 26. The small segments have the round holes 98 therein, in which are provided the double-ended springs 9| shown in Figure 20. The opposite ends of the springs 9| engage incups 92,l which in turn engage against the large rollers 94 and normally tend to push the large rollers and the small rollers 96 into clutching engagement. The key 91, shown in Figure 22, operates on oppositely disposed blocks 89. When the key is in the position shown in Figure 22, the clutch rollers are in engagement all around the assembly shown in Figure 20, so that the shaft 98 and clutch will drive either the gear or pulley 99 in either direction. When the key 91 is moved longitudinally through the first step, the-block 89 will be moved to the left and will disengage one Three bushings`61, 68 and 69 are interv set of rollers; that is, the odd numbered sets of rollers around the assembly Figure 20, and when it is moved still further it will also move the block 89 on the right and disengage the even set of rollers. In the position shown in Figure 22, it wil1 drive the gear or pulley in both directions. In the second position above described, it will drive the gear in but one direction, and in the third position it will leave the gear or pulley free to rotate in either direction independent of the clutch, both sets of rollers being then disengaged, as shown in Figure 36.

The end of the key 91 is T-shaped, so that the anges on the end theredf will engage with the blocks 89 and be limited in its outward movement. The flanges also bear on the side of the keyway, which acts as a guide for the outer end can slide, as is shown in Figure 19.

On either side of the male member 88 is provided the platesv |88 and |8|, which are fastened to the male member by means of bolts |82, as shown in Figure 25. These plates lare provided with openings therein, as indicated at |83 in Figures 21 and 37. In these holes loosely engages the trunnions |84 of the large rollers 94 and the small rollers 96. The outer edge of these slots is eccentric to the center oi the rotation, with the result that when the springs are compressed the rollers are held out of engagement with the pulley or gear surrounding the Amale member. The rectangular holes |83a are clearance holes through which the keys 91 and |28 can pass The plates |88 and |8| act as flanges to hold the pulley 99 positively in correct position.

In Figure 28 I have shown a solid shaft 8 v which goes clear through the clutch and gear, by

shown in Figure 19. Surrounding the plate |8I f is a bushing |I, which is interposed between the plate |8| and the housing ||2. This bushing and all similar bushings are pressed into their seat so that they are practically rigid with the housingof which they form a part.

In Figure 28 I have shown a sleeve I3 having a groove therein by which the sleeve and keys are moved along the shaft into and out of engaging' position. 'Ihe sleeve ||3 is splined on the shaft by the key ||3a. Attached to this sleeve any kind of key can be used, such as is shown in Figures 29, 30, 31, 32, 22, 46, 53. Three keys, all alike, will in any case be attached to this sleeve and will be operated simultaneously thereby. v

In this assembly rollers and springs similar to those shown in Figures 20, 23 and 24 are used and a cross section through the male member and its rollers would be like the corresponding part in Figure 20 when engaged with the housing H2, it being understood that in Figure 28 the housing ||2 is substituted for the pulley 99.

t in the gear. The gear and assembly is held in correct alignment on the shaft by a collar-and set screw ||1, and byy the hub and set screw of plate |00.

In Figure 33 I have shown -an assembly of four sets of gears such as are commonly used in an automobile, that is, gears for high speed, intermediate, and low speed, and for reverse. It is understood that an idler is used in connection with the reverse gear. which idler is -not shown. In this ligure there is a shaft |20.at the left hand end and a shaft |2| at the right hand end.

r'I'he shaft |2| extendsthrough the assembly and the end of it is reduced and journaled in the right hand end of the shaft |20, this being common construction.

n the shaft I2 I is keyed permanentlythe male members of all four clutches, which male members are preferably like that shown in Figure 27. These members are'connected to the three gears |23, |24 and |25 and the housing |3| that surround them byclutch mechanisms such as is shown in Figure 2 0, it 4being understood that the housing |3| and the three gears |23, |24 and |25 are substituted for the pulley 33 .shown in Figure 20. It is also understood that the largeholes in the male members of the clutch are splined, as shown -by the keyway in Figure 27, instead of using a key way as is shown in Figure 20.

Two sleeves |26 and |21 are shown splinedon the shaft |2|. These sleeves are operated by a single shift lever by a mechanism that is-standard construction in automobiles generally and which ^forms no part of this invention except as it is necessary'in the complete assembly. By.

right, that is, toward the center of Figure'33, which is neutraly position. Then the sleeve |21 Vis moved to the left away from the neutralposition shown in Figure 33. In such case the key |28 Vwould be moved to the left.- I'he position of the key .can be visualized by holding the Figure 34 inverted and the key |23 would be moved tothe position which would permit the left hand blocks 83 to come closer together, `which would close the clutch that drives the gear |24, the rollers being- 'inthe position shown inFigure 20. `While 'the keys |28 are in this position, the clutch that drives the reverse gear would be in idle position driven from the gear |36 through the idler not shown. This gear through its clutch would drivethe shaft |2| in the reverse direction.

this mechanism each sleeve is moved from neutr-al position to active position and back again to neutral position independent of the other-sleeve, it being understood that only one sleeve can bev As shown in Figure 33 the sleeve |23 is moved moved from neutral position at a time.

' so that the keys |23 connected therewith are moved to. theposition shown in -Figure 34. In

this cese the high gear lsu is driven by the' shaft |20 through the housing |23 forming a part thereof, to which the high gear is keyed. To thehousing |23 is 4bolted the housing |3I, which forms the female member'of the clutch by'whicht the shaft |2| is driven at high speed or- 'direct drive. In'this case the gearv |30 meshes with the gear |32, which is integral/with the shaft |33.

On this shaft is-also integral the gears |34, |35 and |36, all of which revolve idly when the car is driven at high speed, or -by'direct drive.v

The gear |34 meshes with the -gear |23, thegear |35 -meshed with the gear '|24,-and the gear |33 meshes with the idler, which in turn meshes with the gear |25 by which the reverse drive is secured. While the vshaft |.2| is driven at high speed,- all of the nine gears above .enumerated rotate idly, n o power being communicated to the gears. `When the lever is shiftedto second position the gear |30 drives the gear |32, and this in turn drives the gear |34 through thesh-aft |33.

'I'his gear |34 drives the gear |23, which'through its clutch drives the shaft |2 In such case the key |28 is moved to the right, so that the blocks l33v at the left of the flgur'e'are spread apart into engagement lwith the rollers, and the blocks 33 at theright of the figure are drawn together out of engagement withl the rollers, the driving position of the rollers in each case being shown 'in section-in Figure 20, and the idle-position of he rollers being .shown in section in Figure 36.

Before the shift lever is moved to low speed The housing |3|a is provided with a bushing |3|b which rides freely on lthe housing |3I. In the housing |3| is a bushing |3|c which rides on the two plates similar to the plate |58 showne in Figure 37, except that the holes |61 are not threaded, andthe housing |3|a has a bushing |3|`d thereinwhich rides on a plate exactly similar tothe one shown in Figure 3-'1 The cylindrical housing |3| is covered by a cylindrical shell |3|f. This shell |3|f is interlocked with the housing |3|a by `a groove-|3lg which engages with the flange on the housing- |3|a. Ihis permits the housing |3|a to turn relatively to the-housing |3| and |3|f but lcan not move laterally relative' thereto. The housing |3|f is divided into two half cylinders to make' assemblyf thereof with the housing possible the AThe low speed gear |24 is provided with bushthe two clutches shown at the right in Figure 33.

drive, the sleeve |23 must first be moved to the ings |24a and |24bwhich ride on the plates of The reverse gear |25 is provided with a collar |25a which has an annular groove therein. A

bushing |31 vis provided into the transmission housing |33, and a screw |33 passes through the bushing and engages in the grooven the col-lar 125e.

On each end of the assembly shown in Figure 33 plates |40 and |4| are shown, which are bolted tothe assembly. These. plates are grooved andv .in these grooves are placed a felt washer which holds the oil in the assembly and prevents it from leaking out along the shaft. These plates are fastened tothe housingrby bolts |42. `Within the housing at each en d ball-bearings |43 are provided in which run the shafts |20 and |2|. With the gearing arranged as is shown in this assembly, the gears are always in mesh and only.

one clutch is engaged ata time, and this assembly uses the standard shift now in general-usel so that the teeth of the gears cannot dead center on each other in the shifting of gears.-

With the assembly shown in Figure '33, if the rear `wheels at any time revolve 'faster than they would be driven by the engine shaft |20 at that time, the clutch in engagement becomes a brake on the rear wheels and utilizes the braking power I of the motor to retard the excess speed of the car. This is due to the fact that a two-way clutch is used such as is shown in Figures 27, 20, and 36.

By replacing the keys |28 with the keys shown in Figures 33a and 33h, this braking effect would .not occur and the car would run free wheeling used for other purposes than automobile driving,

such as in factory installations, etc.

In Figure 35 the shaft |50 is provided having a flange on the end thereof, which forms part of the housing for the clutch. Bolted to the flange is the cylindrical housing |52. On this housing rides a gear |53 having a bushing 65d pressed therein. This gear with its bushing rides freely on the housing l and turns thereon. A key |55 is provided in the form of a screw, the end of which engages in an annular groove in the housing |52. This holds the gear 53 from moving laterally on the housing while it turns thereon. Bushings |55 and |51 are pressed in the housing |53 and gear |53. These bushings ride on the plates |58, |59, |00, forming part of the clutches.

Two clutches are provided |9| and |62, each of which is a two-way clutch such as is shown in Figure 36. Both of these clutches are keyed to the shaft |63, which can drive the clutches or be driven thereby. The left hand end of the shaft |69 is reduced as shown at |63 and rotates in a bearing provided in the shaft |50 therefor. A bushing |64 is provided therefor. The shaft |50 rotates in the bearing |65.

Splined on the shaft |63 is the sleeve |66, which can move along the shaft. Connected to this sleeve are keys such as is shown in Figure 34. With the keys in the position shown in Figure 34 the clutch |61 is engaged and will cause the shaft |63 to be driven directly by the shaft |50 or vice versa. In such case the gear |53 can rotate idly, because the clutch within the gear is disengaged as shown in Figures 36 and 34. By moving the key |28 a short distance to the right both clutches can be disengaged. By moving it still further to the right the clutch |52 will be engaged and the clutch l6| will remain disengaged. Inv such position the gear |53 `:would be driven by the shaft |63, and the shaft |50 could remain idle, or be driven by any arrangement of gearing that might be desired from the gear |53. With the key in this same position the shaft |63 could also be driven from the shaft |50 by an arrangement of gearing which would drive the gear |53, which in turn would drive the engaged clutch |62 and thereby transmit power. to the shaft |63.

The plate |59 is shown in perspective in Figure 37. The other three plates of the clutch will be substantially like this except that the holes |91 n eed not be threaded and the plate |60a will be provided with a. hub lstb. l

In Figures 39 vand 40 I'have shown an assembly suitable for manufacturing purposes. In this assembly the two-way clutch is provided4 with a male member |10, which is substantially like the male member 90 shown in Figure 27. In this clutch the side plates on the clutches 'such as are shown in Figure 33 are dispensed with and Ythe rollers |1| and |12 are carried-between two hangers |13. The two hangers, which are placed cxx-opposite sides of the member |10, are held together by three pins which are riveted therein. These pins are numbered |14, |15, and |16. The pins |14 and |15 carry the rollers |1| and |12 and the pin |16 engages loosely in the slot |11, so that it can slide back and forth therein. This slot |11 is parallel to the cam surface |11a and serves to hold the hangers and rollers from being thrown out radially by centrifugal force when in disengaged position, as shown in Figure 39. It also acts as a guide to bring the rollers into engaging position. The rollers are moved into engaging position by springs, just as is shown in Figure 20, and they are moved out of engaging position by blocks such as are shown in Figure 26, which are operated by keys |18 such as are shown in Figure 46.

As shown in Figure 40, a shaft is provided mounted to rotate in a bearing lul. On this shaft is a puliey or housing |32 integral therewith. The clutch E33 such as is shown in Figure 39 is placed inside of the pulley. A shaft |84 is provided in line with the shaft |30, on which shaft its the sleeve is Splined. This sleeve moves the keys 18. The shaft |34 has a reduced end 05 which rotates in a bushing |81 carried in the shaft B00.

In. Figure 47 I have shown an assembly of automobile transmission gears similar to that shown in Figure 33. In this assembly each of the clutches is provided with an assembly similar to that shown in Figure 39. ,A shaft is provided at the left. This shaft has an expanded end. On this shaft is a ball bearing |9| that is supported by a stationary housing |92. On the expanded end of the shaft the high gear |93 is keyed. The second gear |94 has a bushing |95 therein which rotates on the expanded end |96 of the shaft |90. A ange plate |91 is provided on the gear |94 which overlaps the bushing |95 and the expanded end |96 of the shaft, which holds the gear |96 against moving to the right. It is held from moving to the left by the expanded end |96 of the shaft. i 4

A shaft |98 is provided at the right which extends clear through the assembly and is provided with a reduced end |99 that engages in a bearing provided in the shaft |90. The clutches 200, 20|, 202, and 203 are all keyed to the shaft |93 and either drive the shaft or are driven thereby. The clutches are engaged or disengaged from the shaft by the sleeves 204 and 205, which sleeves are shown in Figure 47 in neutral position. These sleeves operate keys such as is shown in Figure 34.. The shaftv |98 is carried by a ball bearing 206, which is carried by a anged'collar 201 carried on the stationary housing |92. The flanged collar 201 is fastened to the housing |92 by a screw 208. The threaded end of this screw engages in a semicircular ring 2,09, which in turn engages in a groove providedV in the right side of the reverse gear 2|0. This gear is provided with a bushing 2| l, which rides on the flanged collar 201. The reverse gear is driven by the clutch 203, or is driven thereby. On the reverse gear is a hub 2|2 on which rides the low gear 2|3 which is provided with a bushing 2| 4 which rides on the hub 2|2. A screw 2|5 is provided that engages in an annular groove in the hub 2|0. which holds it against endwise movement. On` the ends of the `housings are the plates 216 and 2|1 which carry felt washers which hold the oil in the assembly and prevents it from leaking out along the shaft. The gearsA same way as is described above in connection with Figure 33.

-In Figure '50 I have shown another modiilcation of the clutch which is substantially like the clutch shown'in Figures '20 and 36 except that thekeys are round in cross section vinstead of being rectangular as are the keys shown in Flgy ures 20 and 36. The shape ofthe male member 220 issubstantially the same as that shown in- Figure 27,A except that the segment-22l outside of the round keys is rounded off as'shown at the top'of Figure 48. -In the assembly shown in Figlure 43 two hanger plates 222 are used, such as the roller 223 inside of the pins. The smaller roller 229 extends into the small opening in the hanger 222 and ilush with the outside of the hanger. The washers 225 overlap the small rollers and hold the small rollers in place, as shown in Figures 54 and 55. The hangers swing on pins 221, the endsof which are riveted into the hangers. a simuar vpin 22s with 'its 4ends engaged and riveted into the hangers is shown in Figures 48, 50 and 55. `Between thesetwo pins the.hangers are held properly in line with-each other. The two holes in the hanger plates 222- are slightly oval, which permits the rollers to move radially up and down so that they will adjust themselves to the cam' surface of the clutch as shown in Figures 48, 50 and 54.

In Figures `50 and 53 I have shown the cylindrical keys 229 which are Aused for moving the blocks 239, which blocks engage the small rollers as shown in Figure Figure 50, the odd-numbered rollers on the left o! the key 229 are in clutching position and the i even-numbered rollers on the right oi the key are moved out o! clutching position. v

As shown in Figures 50 and A53, this position of the'keys and rollers will give a counterclookwise direction to the $11233 when the shaft and clutch is the driver, and when the gear is the driver it will -give a clockwise direction tothe shai't232.

Irl Figure 53, when the-key 229 is moved to the-rightgas far as itwill go the lower block 239 will be drawn closer to the upper-block 230 which willstill remain in the Vsaine position as isg'shown in Figure 53.. `With' the keys 229 and the blocks 230 in this newfposition, all the twelve rollers shown in Figure 50 will then be in driving engagement. which means that the shaft 232 and clutch will be` able todrive the gear in either direction. or the gear can drive the clutch and shaft in either direction. i Y

When the keys 22.9 are moved one step to the lett from the position shown in Figure 53.` the upper blocks'23li will be pushedapart `1romthe lower blocks a distance equal to the diameter oi 229l/in'this new position the upper blocks 23|! will then have pushed all of the six rollers to the lett of the keys shown in Figure 50 out of driving engagement, in which position the vvgear can not When the three k'eys229 are moved to the lei't A one step further fromv the position Just described o.- As shown at the tcp ci' to one position and operate in the other directionk the lower blocks 230 will move upward into the V-shaped slot at the right or the key 229, thereby allowing only the six rollers to the right 'of the three keys 229 shown in Figure to enter intodrivingengagement with the gear and lmale member of the clutch while the other six rollers to the lett of the three keys 229 will still'remainout of driving engagement. yThe position oi all the rollers will then be exactly opposite to thatshowninFlgureO.' l Y i With this new positionk of the three keys 229, the six blocks 230 and the twelve rollers, the shaft will be capable oi' driving the geary in a clockwise direction only and the gear will be capable of driving the shaft in a counterclockwise direction only.

This is also true of the other odd-numbered' rollers and the other 'even-numbered rollers shown rin Figure 50. 'I'he key 229 shown in Figure 53 and is operated by the sleeve' 23|. Ashaft 232 is provided which goes through the clutch and to whlchthe male member of the clutch is lkeyed. 'Ihe sleeve 23| is splined or keyed theretogether. In the oneway clutches six keys are used and all thesekeys operate at the same time 'and in the same direction to either open orclose the clutch.- Inthe `two way clutches but three keys are used' (except as shown inligure58) and these keys operate in one direction when moved when moved toa second position; that is, all the keys are in neutral position at one time and when moved to the'y rst position from. neutral they `cause the fclutch to drive in one direction, land sol when moved to a second position they cause the clutch to drive lin the reverse direction. y In Figures 58 to 64,.inclusive, Il have shown a kmodined form of theclutch .in which reference y numeral 24|I represents the femalemember, 24|

indicates' the 'male member. The female member is provided with eccentric surfaces 242 and 243, in which are placed the rollers, 244` arranged in pairs. Between the rollers is placed a double blade spring 245 madein one piece, having sleeves 246 formed on the end thereof and blades 241 inte'rmediate the sleeves. The sleeves ofthe spring are swiveled-'on the pin 249, the ends of which are headedup and hold the ange plates 249 and '259V firmly lattached to the female member of the drive the shaft nor can the shartdrive the gear. y This position isknown asV neutral position.

clutch. The male member and the rollers are held against: 'lateral movement by these ilange plates. The `ilange plates are slotted. as indicated at 25|, to permit eccentric Vmovement of the rollers, so that^the rollers can beheld away from engagement with the male member while the clutch is idling. -I In this typeof clutch four pairs of rollersare shown, instead of three pairs of rollers in the type shown in Figures 20, 21, 36, 39. and 50.' The clutch .shown in Figure'58 is a twoway clutch and can drive or be driven in either direction. As shown in Figure 58, four rollers are engaged and four rollers are in idle position. 'I'his corresponds to the showing' of Figure 50, in

which three pairs of rollers are shown engaged and three pairs ot rollers are shown in idle position. This showing, of course, de`pends upon the position of the keys 229 and 259. i

As shown in Figure 58, the male member is made solid with the shaft or it can be keyed thereto. The female member has a flange 252 thereon, with a boss 253 thereon, by which it is bolted to the gear 254. This gear has a hub 255 in which a bushing 256 is pressed which rides on the shaft 257. In the web 258 of the gear 254 is placed slot-s at suitable intervals in which slide the keys 259. The ke'ys 259' are positively connected to and controlled by the sleeve 260, which slides on the hub 255 and is splined thereon by the key 266. Blocks 262 are pushed by the keys and` in turn push the rollers 244 into idle position.

I+ kwill be understood in the type of clutch shown in Figures 58 and 59 the keys are held in the female member and will pass through the web of the gear driven thereby, while in the other types of clutches the keys are carried in the male member and are independent of the female member and the gear driven thereby.

As shown in Figure 63, the 'rollers 264i are I pushed to idle position by the keys 265 and blocks 266; 'I'hese rollers are normally held in clutching position by the springs 261.

'1t will be understood that the assembly shown in Figures 33 and 47 would be enclosed in a housing ,which would be vpartially filled with oil, so that all the parts would be lubricated either by immersion or splash lubrication. All the other types of assemblies could be immersed in oil, if so desired, except those that drive or are driven by a. belt. l

It will also be understood that wherever bushings are shown, such as vil and l2 in Figure 2, which make contact with the cylindrical segments such as are shown in Figure 4, that the bushings and cylindrical surfaces make a good running fit.

I claim:

1. A clutch having a female member, a male member having its 'axis concentric with and being inside of the female member, rollers interposed between the male member and the female member,said rollers being normally heldinclutching engagement, a key moving parallel to the axis of the clutch for pushing the rollers out of clutching engagement, said key being located near the periphery of the male member and having a cam thereon adapted to push the rollers out of clutching engagement, a guide in the male member in which said key moves and by which it is held to a straight line movement, a shaft on which said male member is mounted and to which it is keyed.

2. A clutch having a female member with an internal cylindrical clutching surface, a male member having its axis concentric with the female member and being placed inside the female member and having clutching surfaces eccen tric to the female member, rollers interposed between the male member and the female member, said rollers being normally held in clutching position, a key moving parallel to the axis of the clutch for pushing the rollers out of clutching position, said key being located near theperiphery of the male member and having a cam thereonadapted to push the rollers out of clutching engagement, a guide in the male member in which said key moves and by which it is held to a straight line movement, a shaft on which said male member is mounted and to -which it iskeyed.

3. A clutch having a female member with an internal cylindrical clutching surface, a male member having its axis concentric with the female member, the male member being placed-inside of the female member land having clutching surfaces eccentric to the female member, and having bearing surfaces interposed between the clutching surfaces that are concentric to the fe.- male member, the female member being adapted to ride on such bearing surfaces, rollers interposed between the eccentric surfaces of the male member and the female members,said rollers beingnormally held in clutching position, keys moving parallel to the axis of the clutch for pushing the rollers out of clutching position, each of said keys lbeing located near the periphery of the male member and having a cam thereon adapted to push the rollers out of clutching engagement, guides in the male member in which said keys move and bywhich they are held to a straight line movement, a shaft on which said male member is mounted and to which it is keyed.

4. A clutch having a female member with an internal cylindrical clutching surface, a male member having its axis concentric with the female member, the male member being placed inside of the female member, and having clutching surfaces eccentric to the female member, and having segmental members projecting radially and interposed between the clutching surfaces,

' bearing surfaces on said segmental members that are concentric with the female member and on which the female member is adapted to ride, rollers interposed between the female member and the eccentric surfaces of themalemember,springs for normally holding said rollers in clutching position, keys moving parallel to `the axis of the clutch for pushing the rollers out of clutching position, said segmental members serving as housings for said springs and said keys, each of said keys being located near the periphery of the male member and having a. cam thereon adapted to push the rollers out of clutching engagement, guides inthe malemember in which said keys move and by which they are held to a straight line movement, a shaft on which said male member is mounted and to which it is keyed.

5, A clutch having a female member with an internal cylindrical clutching surface, a male member having its axis concentric with the female member, the malemember being-placed inside of the female member and having clutching surfaces eccentric to the female member, rollers carried on the eccentric surfaces of the male member and adapted to make clutching engagement with the cylindrical surface of the female member, means carried on the male member for y holding the rollers in line between the two members, keys moving parallel to the axis of the clutch for pushing the rollers out of clutching position, each of said keys being located near the periphery of the male member and having a cam thereon adaptedto push the rollers out of clutching engagement, guides in the male member in which said keys move and by which they are held to a straight line movement, a shaft on which said male member is mounted and to which it is keyed.

6. A clutch having a female member with an internal cylindrical clutching surface, a. male member having its axis concentric with the female member and being placed inside the female member and having clutching surfaces Veccentric to the female member, rollers interposed be-A tween the male member and the female member, said rollers being normally held in clutching position, a key moving parallel to the axis of the clutch for pushing the rollers out of clutching position, a block interposed between the key and the roller through which the key pushes the roller out of clutching position, means on the male member for holding' the key and block' and roller in properl relation .to each other, said key being located near the periphery of the male 4member and having a cam thereon adapted to push the rollers out ofA clutching engagement, Va guide in the male member in which saidv key moves and by .which it is held to a straight line movement, ashaft on which said male member is mounted and to which it is keyed.

7. The combination of a shaft, two oppositely disposed `clutches having male members keyed to said shaft, radial flange plates on said male members, female members having bushings therein riding on said flange plates, rollers interposed between the male members and the female members, said female members being in two sections, bolts connecting the' two sections together, said female members being cut away on either side of the clutching surface to form a T- shaped section that engages between the flange plates.

roller clutches adapted to overrun in opposite directions drivably connected to said shaft, camshaped keys at the periphery moving in a straight line axially along the clutch for connecting said gear with said shaft through one or both of said clutches selectively. n

l1.. `A transmission comprising, a shaft,a gear freely rotatable thereon, an overrunning clutch adapted to overrun in opposite directions drivably connected to said shaft, cam-shaped keys at the periphery moving in a straight line axially along the clutch for connecting said gear with said shaft in one direction or for the opposite direction selectively.

12. In a transmission, a shaft, a gear. rotatably-mounted thereon, a pair of oppositely disposed overrunning clutch members splined to said shaft, and a pair of complementary clutch members on said gear, cam-shaped keys at the periphery moving in a straight linel axially along the clutch for engaging said clutch members selectively.

13. A clutch having a female member with an internal cylindrical clutching surface, a male member being placed inside of said female member and having clutching surfaces eccentric to 8. A clutch having one member having a cylindrical surface, the other member having'eccentric surfaces, rollers interposed between the two members capable of moving into and out of engaging position, springs normally holding the rollers in engaging position, cam-shaped keys for pushing the rollers out of engaging position, blocks interposed between the rollers and the keys .by which the rollers are pushed out of engaging position by theA keys, said keys moving parallel to the axis of the clutch, each of said keys being located near the periphery of the member having Veccentric surfaces, guides in d .said member in which said keys move and by which they are held to a straight line moveplates positively fastened to said male member,

saidange plates having` slots which are eccentric to the cylindrical; clutching surface of said 4 female memberthe ends of said rollers being ment, a shaft on which said member having eccentric surfaces is mounted and to which it isv keyed.

9. An overrunning roller clutch comprising a pair of rotatable members, one of said members having a cylindrical surface, the other of f' said members having a surface bearing a wedging relation to said cylindrical surface, rollers between said surfaces for wedging action between said surfaces, springs normally holding said rollers -in engaged position between said surfaces, cam-shaped keys at the periphery moving in a straight line axially alongthe clutch for" disengaging said rollersfrom said cylindrical surface, blocks or rods interposed between said rollers and said cam-shaped keys, said cam-shaped lkeys adapted to push said blocks or rods against said rollers so as to disengage said rollers from said cylindricals'urface, means for guiding said rollers into and out of engaged position, said guiding means also being adapted tohold said rollers out of engagement with said cylindrical surface after said rollershave been disengaged from said cylindrical surface by 10.- A' on comprising, a shaft, a gear freely rotatablethereompair of overrunning 7 said blocks or j rodsand said cam-shaped keys.

inserted in said eccentric slots which hold the rollers properly in place between said clutching surfaces and guides them into and out of clutching position, said eccentric slots also holding said rollers out of engagement with the cylindrical clutching surface of said female members when clutch is idling, said flange plates having holes through which said cam-shaped keys can slide, bearing surfaces on said male member, the

cylindrical clutching surface of said female member adapted to rotate freely on said bearing surfaces when clutch is idling, a gear positively attached to said female member, said female member being cut away on either side of its cy, lindrical clutching surface to form a T-shaped sectionv that is loosely enclosed between said flange plates, bushings pressed into the sides of said female member, said radial flange plates .ex-

tending outward and beyond said internal .cylindrical clutching surface, said flange plates being capable of rotating freely inside of said bushings 1 when clutch .,is'idling, a splined shaft positively the splines of said shaft; said cam-shaped keys.

attached'to'said male member, a grooved sleeve splined on saidshaft and adapted to slide along being positively attached to said grooved sleeve.

NIcHoLAs A. coLUcoI. 

